EUROPEAN UNION

Европейский союз

сокр. EU межд. эк. Европейский союз, Евросоюз, ЕС (экономическая ассоциация стран Европы, основанная в соответствии с Маастрихтским договором 1 ноября 1993 г. на базе Европейского сообщества; в рамках этого союза создан единый внутренний рынок, сняты ограничения на свободное перемещение товаров, капиталов, рабочей силы между странами, образована единая валютная система с единым руководящим денежно-кредитным учреждением; изначально в союз вошли 12 стран, по состоянию на начало 2008 г. союз объединял 27 стран: 15 стран, принявших в качестве основной валюты евро (Бельгия, Германия, Греция, Испания, Франция, Ирландия, Италия, Люксембург, Нидерланды, Австрия, Португалия, Финляндия, Словения, Кипр и Мальта) и 12 стран, сохранивших национальные валюты (Великобритания, Венгрия, Дания, Латвия, Литва, Польша, Словакия, Чехия, Швеция, Эстония, Болгария и Румыния))

European Union: translation

(EU)

   The European Union has influenced the Kurdish problem, especially in Turkey. This is because of Turkey's longtime goal, set by Ataturk himself, to achieve the level of contemporary civilization. In recent years, of course, this has come to mean membership in what has become the EU. To meet and successfully implement the EU Copenhagen Criteria for membership, however, Turkey must in effect solve its Kurdish problem in a democratic manner.

   In recent years the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has handed down numerous judgments ordering Turkey (a party to the court) to make compensation for crimes committed by its official agents against ethnic Kurds who are (or were before they were murdered) citizens of Turkey.Turkey also suspended its death sentence against Abdullah Ocalan in November 1999 and then commuted it to a life term in prison because of its EU candidacy.

   On 3 October 2005, the EU officially began candidacy talks with Turkey. As of 2010, however, discussion has only begun on 10 of the 35 chapters that are to be agreed. France has blocked consideration of 5 of these chapters, while 8 more have been delayed because of the Cyprus issue. France, Germany, and Austria are the three EU members most opposed to Turkish membership, while Great Britain, Italy, and Spain favor it.

   The EU issues an annual progress report on Turkey, which provides a treasure trove of data pertaining to the situation. The EU progress report issued on 5 November 2008 did not criticize Turkey's ruling AK Party as harshly as it might have probably due to the party's near death experience with the Constitutional Court during the year in review. Nevertheless, the report made it clear that the EU was not satisfied with the lack of reforms on issues including human rights and the protection of minorities, democracy and the rule of law, corruption, and the role of the military, among others. On the other hand, the EU also has listed the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) as a terrorist organization since 2002 and its political wing known as KONGRA-GEL since 2004.

   See also EU Turkey Civic Commission.

European Union: translation

   In 1957, the Netherlands was an active participant in the founding of the partially supranational and partially intergovernmental European Economic Community (EEC)—as it had been of its more specialized predecessor, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952—and European Atomic Energy Commission (EURATOM), which were merged into the European Community (EC) in 1967. In 1993, this organization was given broader powers under a treaty negotiated in the Dutch city of Maas tricht and was renamed the European Union. In the same year, the Netherlands was also one of the first five so-called Schengen coun tries that started opening their borders to one another without pass port controls.The next stage involved a common currency—the euro—for certain EU members. In 1998, the European Bank was es tablished, with the Dutchman Wim Duisenberg as its first president. He guided the introduction of the euro in 2002. Dutch governments have always strongly supported all steps to ward closer economic, monetary, and political integration in Europe, and Dutch leaders often sought compromises. However, expansion of the EU, to 27 member states in 2007 with more likely to come in the next years, has diminished their influence. Furthermore, a part of the Dutch population has become quite “euroskeptical” recently. In a ref erendum in 2005, a majority of Dutch voters rejected the treaty es tablishing a European constitution, which the European heads of gov ernment had signed in the previous year. Since then, the Dutch government has worked for a reduction of the country’s contribution to the EU. Yet in 2006, the Netherlands was still the EU’s largest net payer. Other issues that cause dissatisfaction, fear, and debate are, for example, the EU’s perceived bureaucracy and interference, loss of national identity, the arrival of workers from the new Eastern Euro pean member states that may cause unemployment, and the possible future membership of Turkey.

   Some of the Dutch members of the European Commission, the EU’s executive body, were particularly noteworthy, including Sicco Mansholt, Frans Andriessen, Hans van den Broek, and Frits Bolkestein. The European Police Office (EUROPOL) and Eurojust (a body for criminal justice cooperation and coordination) have their seat in The Hague.

   See also European Parliament (EP).

European Union: translation

   Brussels serves as the de facto capital of the European Union, the successor to the European Community (1993). It hosts four of the union's institutions: the Commission, the Council of Ministers, the secretariat of the European Parliament, and the Economic and Social Committee.

   Following establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community in March 1957, offices of the organizations were housed in several buildings around Brussels. When the European Coal and Steel Community merged with these to form the European Community (EC) in 1967 centralization was imperative.The Berlaymont was the first large office block built to service the Commission. When enlargement of the European Community (1973) necessitated additional space, the glass-and-steel Charlemagne building (Bâtiment Charlemagne) was erected nearby, used by the Council of Ministers. In 1995, the Council of Ministers occupied a new site—the pink granite Consilium or Justus Lipsius building (rue de la Loi 175), named for Flemish philosopher Joest Lips (1547-1606). The European Parliament, which now holds some plenary sessions in Brussels, meets in the Hémicycle Européen, a glass and chrome building erected in 1992 on rue Wiertz. Espace Leopold, set between rue Wiertz and rue de Treves, features two mammoth administrative buildings (D4 and D5) situated on both sides of the Gare Leopold. Built to service the European Parliament, they are slated for completion. The government of the Brussels Capital Region authorized funds for redevelopment of place Jean Rey (place du Conseil) in 2000.

   The area south of the rue de la Loi adjacent to Parc Leopold in the Leopold district is now known as Euro City or the European district. Urban development and renewal have been ongoing here and will likely continue given expansion of the European Union from 15 to 25 members on 1 May 2004.

   Over 20,000 EU civil servants generate approximately 13 percent of the gross domestic product of the Brussels Capital Region, and EU workers occupy about 13 percent of total office space.

European Union: translation

( EU)

An economic association of European countries founded by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 as a common market for six nations. It was known as the European Community until January 1, 1994 and currently comprises 15 European countries. Its goals are a single market for goods and services without any economic barriers, and a common currency with one monetary authority. Bloomberg Financial Dictionary

————

( EU)

Political and economic grouping of European member states.Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein financial glossary

European Union ˌEuropean ˈUnion abbreviation EU noun ORGANIZATIONS

an association of European countries, formerly known as the European Community. Following the Maastricht Treaty most member countries of the EU are moving towards common economic, foreign, and social Policies

   ► See EU.

European Union: translation

   The Treaty of European Union, or Maastricht Treaty, which was ratified in November 1993, formed this economic and political confederation of European nations, which grew out of the earlier European community. The EU is responsible especially for economic coordination and harmonization. In addition, it fosters common foreign and security policies and cooperation on justice and home affairs. The most important EU institutions are the Council of the European Commission (EC), the European Parliament, and the European Court of Justice. There are presently twenty-seven member states or countries—Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom.

рус. Европейский союз

бел. Еўрапейскi Саюз

исп. Unión Europea

Den Europæiske Union

нем. Europäische Union

греч. Ευρωπαϊκή ΄Ενωση

фр. Union européenne

Aontais Eårpaigh

итал. Unione europea

голл. Europese Unie

порт. União Europeia

фин. Euroopan unioni

Europeiska unionen

European Union: übersetzung

European Union (EU) Europäische Union f

European Union: translation

  see http://europa.eu/index_en.htm