FOREIGN TRADE

внешняя торговля

Foreign Trade: translation

   The foreign markets for Israeli products and even the pattern of industrial growth were shaped by the Arab boycott that precluded the possibility of Israel developing close trade links to the economies of its immediate neighbors. Instead, the country had to seek more distant markets. The peace agreements with Egypt and Jordan and the accords with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) led to a partial suspension of the Arab boycott in the early 1990s, which resulted in only modest improvements in the level and quality of commercial interaction between Israel and its neighbors.It is also a fact that there is limited compatibility between Israel's advanced industrial economy and those of its Arab and Muslim neighbors.

   Israel's exports reached about $40.14 billion in 2005 and included such products as manufactured goods, including high-tech electronics and computer software, diamonds, citrus and other fruits and agricultural products, chemicals, plastics, rubber products, mining and quarrying, textiles, processed foods, wood products, paper, and jewelry. Tourism is also an important earner of foreign exchange. Israeli imports, valued at more than $43.19 billion in 2005, included raw materials; machinery; equipment and vehicles for investment; consumer goods; rough diamonds; fuels; and ships, aircraft, and other military equipment.

   Israel's major trading partners include the United States and the European Union (EU), as well as China and Hong Kong. The establishment of free trade agreements with the United States and the EU were important for Israel's export market. Israel has also signed free trade zone agreements with Canada, Turkey, and several countries in eastern Europe, and it has made important economic inroads in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) and Asia. Israel's economy is fully interconnected with the global economy, to the extent that economic trends elsewhere in the world, such as in Russia and Asia, have a direct bearing on the well-being of the Israeli economy.

   See also Zim Shipping Line.

Foreign trade: translation

   During most of the Soviet period, most of Russia’s foreign trade was with its allies in the Eastern Bloc and friendly regimes in the Third World. However, the inefficiencies of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), which functioned as a rudimentary common market for the socialist economies, became increasingly evident during the 1970s. While the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) imported few goods from abroad, it did emerge as the world’s largest oil producer under Leonid Brezhnev, and soon began selling its hydrocarbons to Western European nations.However, more than half of the USSR’s foreign trade was still with COMECON nations when Mikhail Gorbachev came to power.

   After independence, Russia opened its doors to imports from around the world (particularly technology, machinery, food, and textiles), while establishing new trade links with countries such as Turkey, Japan, and South Korea. Raw materials, such as oil, natural gas, metals, timber, and minerals, continued to dominate exports. Russia’s agricultural and manufacturing industries suffered terribly under Boris Yeltsin, as did Russia’s foreign trade with the near abroad, despite attempts to maintain economic links through the Commonwealth of Independent States and other post-Soviet schemes. Trade relations with Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine, however, remain strong. Arms exports, a mainstay of the Soviet economy, contracted sharply in the early 1990s but rebounded handily under Vladimir Putin. The dramatic increase in petroleum prices also helped balance the country’s foreign trade. In 2007, exports totaled more than $350 billion, making it the world’s 12th-largest exporter. The same year, its imports were an estimated $150 billion. The ratio of imports to exports has risen dramatically in recent years as the Russian economy has improved.

эк. внешняя торговля (система экспортно-импортных отношений страны с другими странами)

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foreign trade: translation

foreign trade foreign trade ➔ trade¹

foreign trade UK US noun [U] COMMERCE

► the activity of trading goods and services with other countries: »

He said putting up barriers to foreign trade and guarding jobs might work in the short run but not indefinitely.

»

Mexico is the state's largest foreign trade partner, accounting for $5.4 billion of exports.

»

foreign trade deficit/surplus

foreign trade: übersetzung

foreign trade Außenhandel m