APOPTOSIS

[ə`pɔptəʊsɪs]

апоптоз

apoptosis: translation

(ap"o-to\'sis)

Programmed cell death. The fragmentation of a cell into membrane-bound particles that are eliminated by phagocytosis. Apoptosis is a physiological suicide mechanism that preserves homeostasis and occurs during normal tissue turnover. It is responsible for cell death in pathological circumstances, such as exposure to low concentrations of xenobiotics and infections by HIV and various other viruses. Apoptotic cells display profound structural changes such as plasma membrane blebbing and nuclear collapse. DNA is cleaved into short oligonucleosomal length DNA fragments. Apoptosis usually occurs after the activation ofr calcium-dependent endogenous endonuclease.

apoptosis: translation

The most common form of physiological (as opposed to pathological) cell death. Apoptosis is an active process requiring metabolic activity by the dying cell; often characterized by shrinkage of the cell, cleavage of the DNA into fragments that give a so-called "laddering pattern" on gels and by condensation and margination of chromatin. Often called programmed cell death, though this is not strictly accurate. Cells that die by apoptosis do not usually elicit the inflammatory responses that are associated with necrosis, though the reasons are not clear. See also: ced mutant, < bcl-2>>.

См. апоптоз.

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апоптоз