Значение слова "COLET, JOHN" найдено в 3 источниках

COLET, JOHN

Colet, John

• Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral and founder of St. Paul's School, London; b. in London, 1467; d. there 18 Sept., 1519

Catholic Encyclopedia.Kevin Knight.2006.

Colet, John

John Colet

^{† Catholic_Encyclopedia ► John Colet}

Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral and founder of St. Paul's School, London; b. in London, 1467; d. there 18 Sept., 1519. He was the eldest son of Sir Henry Colet, twice Lord Mayor of London. Having finished his schooling in London, he was sent to Oxford, but no particulars of his life there have been preserved, not even the name of his college. While at Oxford he determined to become a priest and even before ordination obtained through family influence much preferment, including the livings of St. Mary Dennington, Suffolk, St. Dunstan, Stepney, and the benefices in the counties of Huntingdon, Northamptos, York, and Norfolk. In 1493 he began a tour through France and Italy, studying as he went and acquiring that love of the new learning which marked his after-life.Returning to England in 1496, he prepared for ordination, and became deacon ( see Deacons ) on 17 Dec., 1497, and priest on 25 March, 1497-8. He lectured at Oxford on St. Paul's Epistles, introducing a new treatment by abandoning the purely textual commentary then usual, in favour of a study of the personality of St. Paul and of the text as a whole. In 1498 he met Erasmus at Oxford, with whom he immediately became intimate, arousing in him especially a distrust of the later schoolmen. Colet's lectures on the New Testament continued for five years, until in 1504 he was made Dean of St. Paul's proceeding D.D before he left Oxford. In London he became the intimate friend and spiritual adviser of Sir Thomas More. At the death of his father in 1505 he inherited a fortune, which he devoted to public purposes. His administration of the cathedral was vigorous, and in 1509 he began the foundation of the great school with which his name will ever be associated. The cost of the buildings and endowments is estimated at forty thousand pounds in present value. The object was to provide a sound Christian education. Greek was to be at least of equal importance with Latin. William Lilly was the first head master, but Colet exercised a close personal supervision over the school, even composing some of the textbooks. In 1512 he was accused of advanced views and was in difficulties with his bishop, but on the trial Archbishop Warham dismissed the charges as frivolous. It may well be that Colet, irritated by obvious abuses and not seeing how far the reaction would go, used language on certain points which in the light of after-events is regrettable, but there can be no doubt as to his own orthodoxy and devotion. In 1518 he completed the revised statutes of his school. At his death the following year he was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. His school remained on its original site until 1884, when it was removed to Hammersmith.

Colet's works are: "Convocation Sermon of 1512"; "A righte fruitfull admonition concerning the order of a good Christian man's life" (1534); "Joannis Coleti Theologi olim Decani Divi Pauli Aeditio" (1527 and often reprinted), the original of almost all Latin Grammars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; "Opus de Sacramentis Ecclesiae" (1867), which with the following treatises, long preserved in MS., was finally edited by the Rev. J. H. Lupton, sur-master of the school; two treatises on the "Hierarchies" of Dionysius (1869); "An Exposition of St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans" (1873); "An Exposition of St. Paul's first Epistle to the Corinthians" (1874); "Letters to Radulphus" on the Mosaic account of the Creation, and some minor works (1876); "Statutes of St. Paul's School" (often reprinted). Pitts (de Ang. Scriptoribus, Paris, 1619) gives several additional works by Colet, none of which are extant. Many of his letters are in the works of Erasmus.

The account of Colet by Erasmus in "Epistolae" (Leyden, III, cccxxxv, tr. LUPTON (London, 1883), was the foundation of most of his biographies published before the end of the seventeenth century. Since then there have been several lives published, none by a Catholic writer.-KNIGHT, "Life of John Colet" (London, 1724; republished Oxford, 1823; written with strong Protestant bias); SEEBOHM, "Oxford Reformers: Colet, Erasmus and More" (London, 1867); LUPTON, "Life of John Colet" (London, 1887). For a bibliography see LUPTON, "Introduction to Colet's Letters to Radulphus"; GARDINER, "Register of St. Paul's School" (London, 1884); LEE in "Dict. Nat. Biog." (London, 1887), XI, 321-328, with account of various Colet MSS. Still existing.

EDWIN BURTON

Transcribed by John Looby

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company.Nihil Obstat.1910.

найдено в "Renaissance and Reformation 1500-1620_ A Biographical Dictionary"

(c. 1467-1519)

An English educator, clergyman, and humanist, John Colet founded St. Paul's School, London. The son of Sir Henry Colet, a merchant twice lord mayor of London, Colet matriculated at Oxford around 1483 and went to France and Italy to further his studies in 1493. While studying law and Greek there, he became acquainted with some humanists and was especially interested in their new ideas about education and the revival of classical learning.

By 1496 he returned to England and became a lecturer at Oxford. Although he was not ordained a priest until 1498, he began his lectures on St. Paul's Epistles at Oxford in 1496. In place of the detailed analytical exegesis and allegorical interpretation characteristic of his theological predecessors, the Scholastics, Colet presented a more human commentary on Paul's text, placing it in its historical context and aiming to make its message mean more to Colet's audience personally.As a humanist, he praised classical Latin, and Platonic and Neoplatonic concepts influenced his thought. Colet knew about the humanism of Marsilio Ficino, Politian, and Pico della Mirandola, and his lectures, in which he often refers to their works, illustrate early attempts to bring the ideas of the Italian Renaissance to England.

In 1504 Colet became dean of St. Paul's and held that position until he died. When his father died in October 1505, he used much of his inheritance to found St. Paul's School, with William Lily, another prominent English humanist, as headmaster. Colet supervised the school's curriculum carefully and specified that Greek and Latin classics be taught along with traditional moral training. With Lily, Colet wrote a Latin grammar, which Desiderius Erasmus* revised, and it remained a standard textbook for two hundred years.

Colet vigorously criticized the Catholic church and thus opened the way for the Reformation. From the pulpit, he preached against luxury and corruption in the lives of the clergy, and he rejected beliefs in relics and pilgrimages. His ''Convocation Sermon'' of 1512 reprimanded priests for ignorance and immorality. As a result, he was suspected of heresy, but Archbishop William Warham dismissed the charges. Because Colet did not advocate breaking from the Catholic church, he remained in favor with it. He died in London on 16 September 1519. Colet's effect on learning, especially on methods of interpreting Scripture, was significant, and his relationship with other humanists, such as Thomas More,* helped to plant the seeds of the Renaissance that would come to fruition in England.

Bibliography

J. B. Gleason, John Colet, 1989.

Al Geritz

найдено в "Historical Dictionary of Renaissance"

(1467-1519)

English humanist and reformminded clergyman. He was an outspoken (but strictly Catholic) critic of the worldliness and neglect of duty typical of many English clergymen. Born the son of a rich London merchant, Colet studied at Cambridge University and spent three years in Italy, where he became familiar with the writings of the philosophers Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. He then entered Oxford University and received a doctorate in theology. His father's influence won for him the important office of dean of St. Paul's cathedral as soon as he had the theological degree.Colet's inherited wealth made it possible for him to refound St. Paul's school in a way that emphasized literary study but in many respects was not typical of humanistic education, since Colet's religious traditionalism made him critical of the practice of exposing young students to the pagan religious beliefs and the questionable moral tone found in much classical literature. Although the new St. Paul's School ultimately became an important center of humanist education in England, this was done, mostly after Colet's death, by headmasters who quietly abandoned Colet's insistence that his school should avoid pagan authors and should concentrate its studies on Christian authors.

Colet in 1510 delivered before Convocation (the assembly of the clergy) a powerful and brutally frank sermon attacking the worldliness of many of the clergy and urging reform. Though he meant well and was widely admired as a morally upright and well-educated clergyman, Colet was also resented by many, for he was often rude and unfairly critical of others. But his acknowledged religious orthodoxy, his narrow but genuine learning, and his eloquence as a preacher made him widely admired. He was insistent on the central role of the Bible in religious life, and in a course of lectures at Oxford produced commentaries on biblical books that were much admired. He encouraged his friend Erasmus to become a biblical scholar, but unlike his Dutch friend he had very little awareness of the crucial role of Greek for any serious student of the New Testament.

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