Значение слова "CRUTCHED FRIARS" найдено в 3 источниках

CRUTCHED FRIARS

найдено в "Catholic encyclopedia"

Crutched Friars: translation

Crutched Friars

• An order of mendicant friars who went to England in the thirteenth century from Italy

Catholic Encyclopedia.Kevin Knight.2006.

Crutched Friars

Crutched Friars

^{† Catholic_Encyclopedia ► Crutched Friars}

(Or Crossed Friars).

An order of mendicant friars who went to England in the thirteenth century from Italy, where they existed for some time, and where they were called "Fratres Cruciferi" (see below). There first appearance in England was at a synod of the Diocese of Rochester in 1244, when they presented documents from the pope and asked to be allowed to settle in the country (Matthew Paris). Each friar carried in his hand a wooden staff surmounted by a cross and also had a cross of red cloth upon his habit, from which circumstances originated the name by which they became commonly known. Their rule was that of St. Augustine and their habit originally brown or black, was later on changed to blue by Pope Pius II.They established eight or nine houses in England, the first being at either Colchester (according to Dugdale), or at Reigate (according to Reyner), founded in 1245.They settled in London in 1249, where they gave their name to the locality, near Tower Hill, still called "Crutched Friars". Other houses were at Oxford (1348), York, Great Weltham (Suffolk), Barham (a cell to Gt. Weltham), Wotten-under-Edge (Gloucestershire), Brackley (Northants) and Kildale (Yorkshire).

Fratres Cruciferi

The origin of these friars is somewhat uncertain. They claimed to have been founded in the East, in the first century, by St. Cletus, and to have been reconstituted by St. Cyriacus, Patriarch of Jerusalem, in the fourth. It is not known when they came to Italy, but they were certainly there in the twelfth century, for in 1169 Pope Alexander III gave them constitutions and a rule of life similar to that of the Augustinians. Pope Pius II prescribed for them a blue habit and substituted a small silver cross for the larger wooden one they had hitherto been accustomed to carry in their hands. It was from this custom that they obtained their name. Their monasteries were at one time numerous in Italy, numbering two hundred and eight, divided into five provinces: Bologna, Venice, Rome, Milan, and Naples. The priory of S. Maria di Morella at Bologna was made chief house of the order by Pope Clement IV, and it was from this that the English Crutched Friars came. In later times corruptions were allowed to creep in, and from that and other causes their numbers dwindled down to no more than fifty houses in 1656, when the order was suppressed by Pope Alexander VII. A similar order of friars, known by the same name and like them claiming to come from the East, also existed in France and the Low Countries, having been introduced or organized in 1211 by Théodore de Celles. Hélyot says their houses were numerous, but the order suffered extinction in the French Revolution. These friars wore a black habit with a red cross upon it. Other Fratres Cruciferi were also to be found in Bohemia in the thirteenth century and some said to have existed in Ireland, but there is practically no reliable information to be obtained about them.

Matthew Paris, Historia Anglorum, Rolls ed. (London 1866), II; Tanner, Notitia Monastica (London 1744); Dugdale, Monasticaon Anglicanum (London 1817-30, VI; Reyner, Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia (Douai, 1626; Gasquet, English Monastic Life (London, 1904); Helyot, Hist. Des ordres religieux (Paris, 1792), II; Heimbucher, Orden und Congregationem (2nd ed., 1907), II, 33-37.

G. CYPRIAN ALSTON

Transcribed by John Francis MARY Freeman

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company.Nihil Obstat.1910.

найдено в "Historical Dictionary of London"

Crutched Friars: translation

South from Jewry Street and George Street and west to Hart Street and Seething Lane. In AIdgate Ward (P.O. Directory).

Earliest mention found in reoords : Street called "le Crouchedfrerestrete" in parish of St. Olave near the Tower, 1405 (Ct. H.W. II. 381).

Called "Chrocit Friars," 1601 (H. MSS. Com. Salisbury, XI. 147).

In Stow's time the street seems to have been generally called Hart Street, and he uses the name "Crowched Friers" to denote the house and not the street (p. 141). Strype says it is more commonly called "Crutched Fryers" than "Hartstreet" (ed. 1720, I. ii. 74), as though he considered Hart Street to be the proper designation.

In Horwood's map, 1799, Crutched Friars only extends from John Street west to Seething Lane, the northern portion to George Street being called Jewry Street (q.v.).

Name derived from the House of the Friars of the Holy Cross, called Crouched or crossed Fryers (S.149 and Strype, ed. 1720, I. ii. 74).

It should be remembered that the Middle English form of the word "Cross" was "Crouche" from Latin "Crux," which readily gives the form "Crutched."

Fragments of a tessellated pavement found near Northumberland Alley (Arch. XXXIX. 510), at a depth of 12 ft. Remains of the Roman wall of the City have been found at its junction with Jewry Street, at No.1 Crutched Friars, and Nos. 18, 19, and 20 Jewry Street, the City wall dividing these houses from the buildings in Vine Street. Wall about 40 ft. long (Arch. LX. 191 et seq).

The remains of this wall were found at the rebuilding of Sir John Cass' Foundation to the north of these houses. On the outside of the wall was the filling of the city Ditch, sloped down to a depth of about 30 ft. below the present level (ib.).

найдено в "Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases"

Crutched friars: translation

The English name given to members of the military-religious orders; they were canons regular, for example the Order of the Holy Cross (Fratres Cruciferi), founded in 1211. 'Crutched' is a garbled version of 'crouched', a 'crouch' being a cross. Members of these orders might carry a cross in their hands, or have a cross sewn on the chest of their *habit. [&LT; OldEngl. cruc &LT; Lat. crux = a cross]

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