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The purpose of the bid bond is to prevent frivolous bidders.
»A bid bond is often in the form of a financial guarantee from a bank or insurance company.
Bid bonds help the selection process of a job contract run smoothly. Without them, project owners would have little in the way of assurance that the bidder they select for a job would be able to properly complete the job without running into cash flow problems along the way. By providing bid bonds for their respective bids, each bidder for the project is able to provide sufficient assurance to the owner that the project is within its means.
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык.С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова.1995.
заявкова гарантія; завдаток заявника; завдаток, який вноситься заявником (на забезпечення участі у конкурсі)