unpleasant by-products of civilization — издержки цивилизации
• Bran is a byproduct of the milling process.
• The fiscal crisis is a byproduct of the recession.
* * *
Selenium is a by-product of copper refining.
»oil/animal/chemical by-products
Higher than expected tax revenues were a by-product of the booming economy.
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык.С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова.1995.
1. промежуточный или побочный продукт
2. побочный результат
1) промежуточный или побочный продукт;
2) побочный результат.
• A secondary and sometimes unexpected consequence
• A product made during the manufacture of something else