CHRYSAPHES, MANUEL

(fl. c. 1440–1463, Constantinople)

   More compositions of Byzantine kalophonic chant by him appear in post mid-15th-century sources than of any other composer. He also wrote Peri tōn entheōroumenön tē psaltikē technē kai hōn phronous {}kakös tines peri autön ("On the Theory of the Art of Chanting and on Certain Erroneous Views That Some Hold About It"), which provides much information about the changes in the Byzantine tradition during the 14th and 15th centuries and criticizes singers who were content to sing a simple melody without ornamentation.

   See also Akolouthiai; Koukouzeles, Johannes.